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The relation between Church and State: three rare first editions on one of the 'hot issues' of the Dutch Calvinist church during the Golden Age

REVIUS, Jacobus.
Examen dissertationis D. Nicolai Vedelii de episcopatu Canstantini Magni, seu de potestate magiastratuum Reformatorum circa res ecclesiasticas.








Amsterdam, Johannes Janssonius, 1643. 12mo. Contemporary overlapping vellum. (12), 280 pp.

With:
(2) (MACCOVIUS, Johannes ?) & Carolus GALLUS. Brevis responsio ad solutiones datas ab adversariis ad argumenta Maccovii, quibus probare voluit licere laesis ab ecclesiasticis judiciis, provocare ad magistratum politicum. Cui ad calcem accessit eruditissimus libellus de magistratu Caroli Galli. Franeker, Ex officina Balckii & Johannes Fabianus Deûringh, 1642. 12mo. (4), 128 pp. (p. 107-128: Sententia auctoris de magistratu.

(3) VEDELIUS, Nicolaus. De episcopatu Constantini Magni, seu de potestate magistratuum reformatorum, circa res ecclesiasticas dissertatio repetita cum responsione ad interrogata quaedam. Franeker, Uldericus Balck, 1642. 12mo. (48), 143 pp.

Three rare first editions of works on one of the 'hot issues' of the Dutch reformed church during the Golden Age: the relation between Church and State, or the supremacy of the state over the church and the right to appoint ministers.

Ad 1: Jacobus Revius (1586-1658), a famous Dutch poet (Over-ijsselsche gezangen), Calvinist theologian and church historian who in this work defended the authority of the church against the work of Vedelius. Revius was educated at Leiden (1604-07) and Franeker (1607-10), and in 1610-1612 visited various foreign universities. Returning to the Netherlands, he became in October 1614 pastor in his native city of Deventer, where he remained twenty-seven years. In 1618 he was appointed librarian of the Fraterhuis, and in the same year the Synod of Dort assigned him a part in the new revision of the Dutch translation of the Old Testament. The committee of translators and revisers, which convened at Leiden in 1633-34, made Revius secretary. He likewise took an active part in the establishment of the Athenaeum at Deventer in 1630, and was influential in calling the first professors. From 1641 he was regent at the State Seminary at the University of Leiden. His closing years were embittered by the rise of Cartesianism, to which he was intensely opposed. A rare Hebrew scholar, Revius was also a prolific writer. He showed, however, a domineering disposition and exercised a vehement polemic, as shown in his struggle with Cartesianism and the Remonstrants.

Ad 2: A book in defence of Johannes Maccovius who had defended Vedelius earlier. Probably the author of this anonymously published work is Maccovius himself. The author included a treatise by Carolus Gallus (Karel de Haan; 1530-1616) on the same subject, his Tranctatus de magistratu (pp. 107-128) originally appended to his Clavis prophetica nova Apocalypseos Joannis apostoli ... (1592), published in the same year he had been suspended as professor of theology at Leiden University.
Johannes Maccovius, also known as Jan Makowsky, was a Polish theologian. He was born in 1588 and died at Franeker in 1644. After visiting various universities (in 1607 in Danzig) and as the tutor of young Polish nobles, holding disputations with Jesuits  and Socinians, Maccovius entered into the University of Franeker in 1613. There he became privat-docent in 1614 and professor of theology in 1615. In later years, the fame of Maccovius attracted many students to Franeker. Theologically, Maccovius was a Calvinist, of the supralapsarian school, who got involved in many in a controversy with his colleague Sibrandus Lubbertus which was settled only by the Synod of Dort in 1619. Nevertheless, he became involved in more controversies, for instance Maccovius' theory of Scripture was very free, and he distinguished sharply between scholarship and beliefs essential to salvation.

Ad 3: Nicolaus Vedelius (1596-1642) was professor in Deventer who polemicized against the Remonstrants, for example against Caspar Barlaeus. In a disputation containing 12 'Quaestiones', originally published as De magistratu adversus Bellarmini librum de laicis, he stressed the supremacy of the state over the church regarding, amongst other things, the appointment of ministers. Our book has an extended text of these questions. The theologians Andreas Rivet and Johannes Maccovius agreed, but Jac. Revius, Jac. Trigland and Voetsius revolted.

Good copy.
J.Th. de Visscher, Kerk en Staat II (1926), pp. 339ff, 374-84, 388, 391, 403-9; Boeles, Hogeschool II, 1, p. 166; NNBW X, cols. 1076-7; Biogr. Lexicon gesch. Ned. Protestantisme I, p. 390ff (Vedelius); NNBW IX, cols. 637-9; Biogr. Lexicon II, pp. 311-3 (Maccovius); Biogr. Lexicon II, p. 205f (Gallus); NNBW VI, cols. 1174-6; Biogr. Lexicon III, pp. 300-4 (Revius).

Related Subjects: 17th Century  Netherlands  Reformation  Theology 

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