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Do animals have souls?

[BOUGEANT, Guillaume Hyacinth].
Amusement philosophique sur le langage des bestes.

Woodcut ornament on title, woodcut headpiece and initial.

Woodcut ornament on title, woodcut headpiece and initial.

Woodcut ornament on title, woodcut headpiece and initial.

Woodcut ornament on title, woodcut headpiece and initial.



Paris, Gissey, Bordelet & Ganeau, 1739. 2 parts in 1 vol. 8vo. Contemporary full calf, gilt and decorated spine with title lettered in gold, gilt-stamped coat of arms of The Society of Writers to the Signet library on sides, gilt and decorated binding edges, marbled endpapers, red painted edges. Woodcut ornament on title, woodcut headpiece and initial. (4), 157, (3) pp.

With:
the supplement: (CHESNAYE DES BOIS, François Alexandre Aubert de la). Lettre a Madame la Comtesse D*** pour servir de supplément à l'amusement philosophique sur le langage des bêtes. (No place & publisher, March 20, 1739). 8vo. Woodcut headpiece and initial. 46, (2 blank) pp.

First edition, here complete with the supplement by François Alexandre Aubert de la Chesnaye des Bois (1699-1784) which was printed in the same year, of this highly popular and curious work which was written in response to controversy of whether animals have souls and of whether they have language. Bougeant (1690-1743), a Jesuit, concludes that the only solution which would not threaten religion was to grant souls to animals but to consider these the souls of demons inhabiting animal bodies as punishment. Apparently his irony was not greatly appreciated by his Jesuit order, who mandated a prison term.
In the early 18th century the Cartesian doctrine of the animal-machine was waning, and by 1730 most participants in the debate granted some measure of mentality to animals, although their reasons varied. The whole controversy was reduced to absurdity in 1739, when Bougeant wrote this very telling criticism of the Cartesian doctrine and the prevailing alternatives.

Good copies.- (Spine worn; former pasted shelf-label on inside of front cover; some marg. browning).
Caillet 1511 ('Rare'); Wellcome II, 211 (main work) & 67 (supplement); De Backer-Sommervogel I, col. 1879, no. 16; Barbier I, col. 156; R. M. Young Encyclopedia of philosophy I, 123; Cioranescu 13210.


Related Subjects: 18th Century  French  Jesuits  Medicine  Philosophy 

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